How does the Makeup Help to Define the Character

Watching a movie we pay attention to the most important aspects of composition of shot – makeup and costumes the actors wear. These two aspects help us to create overall look on a movie and a special mood. Sometimes makeup can change an actor’s appearance totally – from handsome blond man to fat an ugly dark-haired man.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How does the Makeup Help to Define the Character specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To achieve this â€Å"transformation† visagistes resort to use of different types of makeup, wigs, false teeth or artificial parts of face (to make bigger nose or lips). To show specific features about character on stage (theatre) or on screen (movie industry) professionals use makeup (for example, to show the change of a character from a human to a strange creature or from ugly to pretty). Nowadays, watching a movie you can notice that characters are portra yed fully and in details. For example, a well-known movie â€Å"Dorian Gray† (director Oliver Parker, 2009) tells to the audience the story of the lovely young man –Dorian Gray – who comes to London, as now he is rich; he has got a huge inheritance from his grandfather. A painter Basil Hallward (Ben Chaplin) offers to paint Dorian for preserving his beauty forever. Becoming obsessed with maintaining his beauty, Gray offers his soul and wishes the portrait to weather the winds of time while he stays forever young. Albeit, after Gray’s wickednesses the painting starts to reveal his inner ugliness to others. From the very beginning of the movie, Dorian (Ben Barnes) is young, handsome and has a lot of zing. On arriving home, after 25 years, his appearance did not changed as his beauty stayed immutable. He still is fine and lovely dark-haired young man with pretty smile. We can see the natural beauty of the actor (Ben Barnes), as he is shooting almost without any makeup. However, other characters are getting older and their age can be noticeable. For example, Lady Victoria Wotton (Emilia Fox), an extremely beautiful and cute wife of Lord Henry Wotton. After 25 years Sybil has wrinkles, grey hair and eyes full of wisdom of old woman. Lord Henry Wotton, a friend of Gray, who was leading Dorian astray, also got old. Now he looks as grandfather with a long grey beard, wrinkled forehead and manners of an old man. Basil Hallward’s beauty also met winds of time. When Gray meets him, Basil looks older, with features of mature man on his face.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dorian’s appearance is not changing till the final scene of the movie, when Lord Henry reveals the secret of Cray’s eternal beauty – the painting, but now not with young sweet and handsome, but with old, ugly and frightening Dorian – and sets fire to the painting. When portrait is â€Å"dying† Dorian is turning to that awful old man with wrinkles, old skin and sordid wounds on face; and the Dorian’s portrait becomes a painting of that young and good-looking man. All in all, the importance of makeup in the movie industry is great. It is obvious that 30-year-old actor or actress cannot have appearance of a 70-year-old person, that is why visagistes use cosmetics, wigs and other methods to create specific features of characters, which will help the audience to define the character. Here comes the reason and significance of using makeup in movies. This essay on How does the Makeup Help to Define the Character was written and submitted by user Casey Carter to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Third Party

Since the last of the Whig party left office in 1852, the American political system has been primarily a two party system. The Democrats and the Republicans have been the two parties fighting for the Presidency since that time. There have been many other parties since that time, but mainly, these two have gone unopposed against each other. However, how much good do these parties actually do? Would our country be run as effectively if the presence of political parties was no longer a factor? It is the opinion of the authors that the U.S. Government would exist without political parties and may, in fact be stronger. The concept of political parties seems to go against what it means to be a politician: to represent his or her constituents. More time, money and effort, it seems is put into getting elected to an office than actually doing work for the people in that office. One fairly recent example is seen in the case of the proposed federal Balanced Budget Amendment. Mark Hatfield, Republican Oregon Senator, went against his parties wishes and voted against the amendment. His party nearly abandoned him for choosing the people over his party. Many senators are faced with the same decision every day, but instead stick with party beliefs and not what they feel would be the best for the people. In order for true democracy to be achieved in our government, we feel drastic changes need to occur. Review Of The Literature Since the mid 1850's, the Democrats and Republicans have had control of the nation government. The only place where opposition was felt was at the state and local levels. However, in the early days of our country, third and fourth party candidates played important roles in politics. A few of these parties from our history are the: Democrat-Republicans, Jefferson Republicans, Whigs and Federalists. Many other lesser known or hardly known at all parties were the: S... Free Essays on Third Party Free Essays on Third Party Since the last of the Whig party left office in 1852, the American political system has been primarily a two party system. The Democrats and the Republicans have been the two parties fighting for the Presidency since that time. There have been many other parties since that time, but mainly, these two have gone unopposed against each other. However, how much good do these parties actually do? Would our country be run as effectively if the presence of political parties was no longer a factor? It is the opinion of the authors that the U.S. Government would exist without political parties and may, in fact be stronger. The concept of political parties seems to go against what it means to be a politician: to represent his or her constituents. More time, money and effort, it seems is put into getting elected to an office than actually doing work for the people in that office. One fairly recent example is seen in the case of the proposed federal Balanced Budget Amendment. Mark Hatfield, Republican Oregon Senator, went against his parties wishes and voted against the amendment. His party nearly abandoned him for choosing the people over his party. Many senators are faced with the same decision every day, but instead stick with party beliefs and not what they feel would be the best for the people. In order for true democracy to be achieved in our government, we feel drastic changes need to occur. Review Of The Literature Since the mid 1850's, the Democrats and Republicans have had control of the nation government. The only place where opposition was felt was at the state and local levels. However, in the early days of our country, third and fourth party candidates played important roles in politics. A few of these parties from our history are the: Democrat-Republicans, Jefferson Republicans, Whigs and Federalists. Many other lesser known or hardly known at all parties were the: S...

Charles Dickens and Fanny Trollope View on the U.S. regarding class Essay

Charles Dickens and Fanny Trollope View on the U.S. regarding class differences and the status of women and their treatment by m - Essay Example As will be clearly seen in the discussion of the commentaries by the two traveler (both from England) the foreign observers who were present during the twentieth century were had serious criticism of America. The observers were drawn into being more analytical of the American scene due to the fact that the country’s efforts to influence international boundaries were rapidly growing. Right from his first visit to America, Dickens wrote American Notes where he clarifies in the mind of the reader the real picture of life in America in contrast to the life back in the United Kingdom (Dickens’s motherland). As he narrates, the very initial impression that he got were very existing only for quarrels to begin later on in the visit as reality was dawning on her. Dickens expresses the fact that the reception that he was accorded in America was exceptional. This can mainly be drawn from the fact that Dickens had already been an identified English writer with a lot of fame in fore ign travels. Despite the fact that Dickens was a beneficiary of this warm welcome in America that involved recognition from even President John Tyler, he remained to be very critical of the American society. ... This was also pronounced further when Dickens claimed in his American Notes that prisoners wee treated with very much disregard. According to his observations, the prisoners who were mainly poor people were subject to ill-treatment, a fact that led further to the underdevelopment of the poor people. On the other hand, Dickens was very positive with the fact that he was surprised at the fact that America still looked upon Europe as its model of governance and development. This was because Dickens’ analysis revealed that he still had very much regard to America due to the high levels of democracy that existed in the country. This was an aspect about America that Dickens thought was very much lacking in his motherland, England. The fact that democracy was more practiced in America as compared to England, Dickens was of the opinion that the United States of America was a friendlier environment to the women. The fact that every individual member of the society was offered political opinion indicated that women were beneficiaries of fair treatment by the political front (Dickens 80). It is this fair recognition of women from the political front that women were equally treated with equality in the society and offered opportunities that were offered by men. This was an aspect that really got Dickens having his respect and admiration towards the American society continue thriving despite the negative observations that he recorded. From the analysis of the observations that Dickens had in regard to America, it can be concluded that he was rather objective when analyzing the American social structure. The fact that he could admit both the strengths and weaknesses of the American society speaks of how

Internal accounts and accouting systems-chic paints limited Assignment

Internal accounts and accouting systems-chic paints limited - Assignment Example The report has extensively included a wide number of research studies with the help of online journal articles, books and websites in order to review the accounting systems at CPL, especially its effectiveness and the internal control process. At the initial stage of the report, the discussion has encompassed an in-depth understanding of the role of accounting system of the organization and the importance of internal controlling process. The goal of assessing the current accounting system and the internal controlling process has been addressed by critically evaluating the accounting techniques as well as tools used by the organization. In addition, the discussion also included the existing ethical standards and practices associated with different accounting activities in CPL. In this context, the report has been incorporated for identifying a number of ethical standards along with actual possible breaches of professional ethics to determine the effectiveness of the ethical principles and practices in CPL. Correspondingly, the research report has also reviewed the existing cultural environment at CPL in terms of maintaining ethical standards in the accounting processes. In this regard, the discussion has incorporated a critical evaluation through analyzing the effectiveness of ethical standards in CPL in its various accounting practices. In order to determine the weaknesses in accounting practices, the report has also provided a set of effective recommendations to improve the existing issues associated with accounting functions.

Canadian Politics - Senate Reform in Canada Essay

Canadian Politics - Senate Reform in Canada - Essay Example Senate reforms are also looked at from a positive outlook based on the comprehension of their connection with democracy and the legitimate establishment of representative institutions that are linked with democratic processes such as electing Senators rather than relying on an appointment procedure upon the discretion of the prime minister. The essay also aims to shed light upon the effectiveness of Senate reforms by analyzing whether a direct electorate process is applicable in the Canadian political structure and what alternatives can be explored to enhance the legitimacy of the Canadian Senate by using the reforms applied by the Australian Senate as a primary model, so that the Canadian Senate reforms can be categorized as legitimate, democratic and most of all applicable to the nation of Canada. The essay follows an assessment on the prospects of senate reform in Canada to conclude both the negative and positive aspects of its implications and impact to conclude whether Senate reforms would prove to be favorable for the Canadian democracy. Carbert suggested that the possibility of senate reform has always been such that its implications on minorities do not often come under discussion. Understanding the effects of a senate reform whether negative or positive becomes even more important when acknowledging the fact that women constitute of a significant percentage in the Senate compared to any other legislative body in Canada. The Senate Appointment Consultations Act postulates that the Prime Minister no longer holds the authority to appoint Senators rather a voting process should be put into place which allows a democratic placement of Senators (Carbert 1). The proposed elements of the Bill C-20 stand on four crucial tenets which are of a preferential voting system, funding for campaigning, a board of nominations and regional magnitude. A scrutiny of these components of the bill suggest that women in the proposed situation could be at a

Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Carcinoma of the Larynx

Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Carcinoma of the Larynx Association between helicobacter pylori infection and carcinoma of the larynx or pharynx JIAN ZHOU, DUO ZHANG, YUE YANG, LIANG ZHOU LEI TAO   Abstract: Background: Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) plays a role in the development of gastric carcinoma. However, there is controversy as to whether H. pylori infection increases laryngeal or pharyngeal cancers. Methods: We managed a systematic review of researches related to H. pylori infection in laryngeal or pharyngeal carcinomas, distributed up to December 2014. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were assessed by random effects models or  according to heterogeneity I2. Results: Eleven studies were involved in the meta-analysis. Overall, H. pylori infection was significantly higher in the study group compared with the normal control group (OR = 2.87; 95% CI = 1.71-4.84, I2 = 67.1, P 2 = 58, P Conclusion: This study supported the proposition that Infection with H. pylori was related to laryngeal carcinoma, specifically in the hospital-based control group and diagnosed by PCR or ELISA. Nevertheless, no significant relationship was discovered between H. pylori infection and pharyngeal cancer. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, laryngeal cancer, pharynx cancer Introduction: Laryngeal carcinoma is one of the common malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract. It accounts for 25% of all the carcinomas of the head and neck and 2-3% of the carcinomas of the entire body [1]. Tobacco smoking and alcohol consuming are major risk factors for laryngeal and pharyngeal cancer. The other risk factors for instance, microbes, viruses, occupational exposures, gastroesophageal reflux, and genetic inheritance have also been associated with the malignancy [2]. It has been verified that H. pylori has an important effect on the pathogenesis of duodenal and gastric ulcers, chronic gastritis, gastric lymphoma, and adenocarcinoma [3]. H. pylori immigration in the upper aerodigestive zone was proved by a previous study [4].There are some articles studying the association between H. pylori and laryngeal malignancy, the outcomes of which are still conflicting [5–11]. The purpose of this meta-analysis study is to determine whether H. pylori infection is related to cancers of the larynx and pharynx by summarizing proof from published studies. Material and methods Literature search We made a systematic literature search in Web of Knowledge, PubMed, and Embase for articles published up to December, 2014 by means of related keywords and combinations thereof: for instance, ‘laryngeal cancer,’ ‘larynx carcinoma,’ ‘pharyngeal cancer,’ ‘pharynx carcinoma,’ and ‘helicobacter pylori’. We followed PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) strategies. Inclusion and exclusion standards Inclusion standards were the following: (1) diagnoses of laryngeal or pharyngeal cancer, and sources of cases and controls, (2) clear evaluation of the relationship of malignances of the pharynx or larynx with H. pylori infection, (3) satisfactory data for pharyngeal or laryngeal carcinoma cases as well as controls, (4) unequivocal information on the H. pylori detection method used, (5) most updated and latest version of published articles. Exclusion standards were the following: (1) case reports, review articles, and studies not in English, and involving patients with benign sickness, (2) uncontrolled studies, (3) cohort studies, (4) animal studies, (5) and manifold articles providing outcomes from the same study. Data extraction The subsequent data were collected from every qualified article: first author’s surname, publication year, city and country of source, amount and type of controls, means of identification of H. pylori, and cases related to smoking or drinking, correspondingly. All studies were studied independently by two authors, and based on consensus. Statistical analysis Meta-analysis was managed using the random fixed effect model to pool individual study evaluations into an overall summary estimate of the associations between H. pylori infection and laryngeal cancer (or pharyngeal cancer). The results were given by 95% confidence interval (CI) and odds ratio (OR). The significance of the OR was decided by the Z test and p 2 was used to evaluate the heterogeneity between studies. Subsequently, stratified analyses were carried out with regarding to the features of the study (type of carcinoma, sources of controls, methods of diagnosis of H. pylori, and sample sizes). We assessed publication bias with Begg’s funnel plot. The random effects model introduces additional variation across diverse studies. We used the Stata 12.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA) to complete wholly statistical analyses. Results Study characteristics As displayed in Figure1, we identified 177 studies by database searches, with 57 containing overlapping details. After subsequent initial screening of the abstracts, 22 entitled articles were selected. Among these 22 studies, two articles were removed owing to absence of controls, and eight were short of necessary statistics. Lastly, 11 articles were involved in this study. Designated characteristics of cases and controls are displayed in Table I. All articles were retrospective in scope. The carcinoma cases were primarily confirmed histologically. Seven researches addressed laryngeal carcinoma alone, and four researches addressed laryngeal cancer or pharyngeal cancer. Hospital-based controls were involved in seven researches, population-based controls were used in two researches and clinic-based controls were included in two researches. The technique of identification of H. pylori varies with authors. Meta-analysis Generally, comparison of H. pylori infection for laryngeal cancer against a local control was statistically significant and favoured laryngeal cancer (OR = 2.87; 95% CI = 1.71-4.84, I2 = 67.1, random effects mode). Table II showed the separate risk assessments of researches assessed in meta-analysis. Selected researches supplied full data on H. pylori infection, by carcinomas, sources of controls, H. pylori diagnosis, and sample magnitude. The results of analyses stratified with these aspects were presented in Table II. Once stratifying for carcinomas, the pooled ORs for laryngeal cancer were 3.28 (95% CI =1.91-5.63; I2 = 58, random effects model) and 1.35 (95% CI = 0.86-2.12; I2 = 0, random effects model) for pharyngeal carcinoma. In the subcategory analysis founded on the basis of controls, significant relations were detected in the hospital-based researches (OR = 3.31; 95% CI =1.49-7.35; I2 =68.2, random effects model) and in the clinic-based researches (OR =2.60; 95% CI = 1.00-6. 76; I2 = 62.1, random effects model), but not in the population-based researches (OR = 2.05; 95% CI = 0.70-5.91, random effects models). Significant relations were also detected in the different ways of identifying of H. pylori infection and sample magnitude. In both overall and subcategory analyses, I2 values were 50% or greater and related p values were Sensitivity analysis and publication bias No publication bias was evident (Figure 2) in meta-analyses of the association between H. pylori and risk of laryngeal or pharyngeal carcinoma, this was established on the basis of Begg’s rank correlation test and Egger’s regression test (Begg’s test, p = 0.876; Egger’s test, p = 0.615). We researched the influence of a single study on the whole meta-analysis assessment. Figure 3 shows the outcomes of this study, in which the meta-analysis estimates were computed omitting one study at a time. The results show that the corresponding pooled ORs were not essentially changed, demonstrating that our results were statistically forceful. Discussion The impact of H. pylori in the pathogenesis of chronic illnesses and cancer of the digestive regions is well acknowledged [20, 21]. H. pylori infection has a prevalence of up to 90% in underdeveloped countries and around 30% in developed countries [22]. The potential for damaging epithelial and mucosal obstacles and inflammation could lead to chronic harm and epithelial cell proliferation resulting in larynx pathology [23, 24]. The possible relationship between H. pylori infection and carcinomas of the larynx or pharynx has been an source of argument for decades. Numerous studies have been performed to demonstrate this cause-and-effect association. This study combined formerly published data related to the association between H. pylori infection and cancers of the larynx(or pharynx) into a terse assessment of influence. The risk of developing laryngeal cancer is 2.87 times higher for the people infected with H. pylori, than for the control group (95% CI:1.71-4.84, P A previous (2008) meta-analysis of five studies showed that the risk of developing laryngeal carcinoma is two times higher for the people infected with H. pylori, than for those in the control group [23], providing an indication that H. pylori infection may be related to an increased risk of laryngeal(or pharynx) carcinoma. Our research studied and analysed the outcomes of 11 researches. Once the study was stratified by category of carcinoma, there is a higher rate of laryngeal cancer among patients infected with H. pylori than among the general population (OR =3.28, 95% CI = 1.91-5.63). No significant relationship was discovered in pharyngeal cancer, signifying that patients are perhaps more susceptible to laryngeal than pharyngeal neoplasm, or that the small number of pharyngeal cancer patients in this study resulted in such a result. Hospital-based researches (OR = 3.31, 95% CI = 1.49-7.35) reported a higher frequency of H. pylori infection than clinic-based researches (OR =2.60, 95% CI =1.00-6.76). No significant relationship was discovered in population-based controls (OR = 2.05, 95% CI =0.70-5.91, Table II). In the subcategory investigation by sample magnitude, the deviation of the pooled OR in large sample sizes (number of controls and cases≠¥50) was smaller compared to small-sized sets, signifying that a large sample size with adequate power was an essen tial to the strategy of meta-analysis. After the study was stratified by H. pylori diagnosis, we found that the best method for detection of H. pylori in the larynx (or pharynx) tissue is PCR with high specificity and sensitivity (OR=7.03, 95% CI = 4.19-11.79). This finding is similar to the research of Gong [16]. A well-controlled large-scale prospective study is important to completely realize the fundamental relationship between carcinomas of the larynx (or pharynx) and H. pylori infection. Finally, a number of important limitations need to be considered. Firstly, researches involved in this meta-analysis were published in English only, signifying that a possible language bias existed. Secondly, evident heterogeneity was detected in involved researches. Thirdly, the influence of smoking and alcohol consumption on H. pylori and laryngeal carcinoma was not removed from our study. Nevertheless, it is uncertain whether the H. pylori infection was causal or related to the tobacco and alcohol consumption among most malignancy patients. Fourthly, wholly studies were case-control researches, which are responsive to recall and information and selection bias, and this may influence the outcomes of the present research. Conclusion This meta-analysis favours the suggestion that H. pylori infection is related to laryngeal carcinoma, specifically in hospital-based control researches and when diagnosed by PCR and ELISA. Nevertheless, no significant relationship was found between H. pylori infection and pharyngeal cancer. Furthermore, the small number of studies involved in this study led to a large CI in this assessment. Acknowledgments This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 30801283), the Technology Project of Shanghai (grant nos 09QA1401000, 10QA1405900 and 14411961900), Shanghai’s Health System of Talents Training Plan (grant nos XYQ2011055 and XYQ2011015). Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. References [1] Koufman J A, Burke A J. The etiology and pathogenesis of laryngeal carcinoma[J]. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America, 1997, 30(1): 1-19. [2] Tutar H, Erdamar H, Kà ¶ybaÃ…Å ¸ioÄÅ ¸lu A, et al. Can bile acids be an etiological factor for laryngeal carcinoma?[J]. ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties, 2010, 73(3): 156-161. [3] Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, OMorain C A, et al. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection—the Maastricht IV/Florence consensus report[J]. Gut, 2012, 61(5): 646-664. [4] Yokoyama A, Yokoyama T, Omori T, et al. Helicobacter pylori, chronic atrophic gastritis, inactive aldehyde dehydrogenaseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 2, macrocytosis and multiple upper aerodigestive tract cancers and the risk for gastric cancer in alcoholic Japanese men[J]. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2007, 22(2): 210-217. [5] Akbayir N, BaÃ…Å ¸ak T, Seven H, et al. Investigation of Helicobacter pylori colonization in laryngeal neoplasia[J]. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head Neck, 2005, 262(3): 170-172. [6] Aygenc E, Selcuk A, Celikkanat S, et al. The role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the cause of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx[J]. OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, 2001, 125(5): 520-521. [7] Borkowski G, Sudhoff H, Koslowski F, et al. A possible role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the etiology of chronic laryngitis[J]. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology, 1997, 254(9-10): 481-482. [8] Grandis J R, Perezà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Perez G I, Yu V L, et al. Lack of serologic evidence for Helicobacter pylori infection in head and neck cancer[J]. Head neck, 1997, 19(3): 216-218. [9] Aydind A K L S A, Kalcioglua M T, Aydinb O O N E. Histopathologic examination for Helicobacter pylori as a possible etiopathogenic factor in laryngeal carcinoma[J]. Chemotherapy, 2006, 52: 80-82. [10] Rubin J S, Benjamin E, Prior A, et al. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in malignant and premalignant conditions of the head and neck[J]. The Journal of Laryngology Otology, 2003, 117(02): 118-121. [11] Titiz A, Ozcakir O, Ceyhan S, et al. The presence of Helicobacter pylori in the larynx pathologies[J]. Auris Nasus Larynx, 2008, 35(4): 534-538. [12]Guilemany J M, Langdon C, Ballesteros F, et al. Prognostic significance and association of Helicobacter pylori infection in pharyngolaryngeal cancer[J]. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2014, 271(9): 2539-2543. [13]Fellmann J, Weisert J U, Soltermann A, et al. Helicobacter pylori detected in pharyngeal and laryngeal pathologies in patients with proven gastric colonization[J]. Head neck, 2014, 36(11): 1562-1566. [14]Genà § R, ÇaÄÅ ¸lÄ ± S, Yà ¼ce Ä °, et al. The Role of H. pylori in the Development of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma[J]. Disease markers, 2013, 35(5): 447-449. [15] Siupsinskiene N, Jurgutaviciute V, Katutiene I, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection in laryngeal diseases[J]. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 2013, 270(8): 2283-2288. [16] Gong H, Shi Y, Zhou L, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection of the larynx may be an emerging risk factor for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma[J]. Clinical and Translational Oncology, 2012, 14(12): 905-910. [17] Shi Y, Gong H, Zhou L, et al. Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in a Chinese male population[J]. ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties, 2010, 73(6): 295-300. [18] Pirzadeh A, Doustmohammadian N, Khoshbaten M, et al. Is there any association between Helicobacter Pylori infection and laryngeal carcinoma[J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2011, 12(4): 897-900. [19] Nurgalieva Z Z, Graham D Y, Dahlstrom K R, et al. A pilot study of Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of laryngopharyngeal cancer[J]. Head neck, 2005, 27(1): 22-27. [20] Selbach M, Moese S, Backert S, et al. The Helicobacter pylori CagA protein induces tyrosine dephosphorylation of ezrin[J]. Proteomics, 2004, 4(10): 2961-2968. [21] Hou P, Tu Z X, Xu G M, et al. Helicobacter pylori vacA genotypes and cagA status and their relationship to associated diseases[J]. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2000, 6(4): 605-607. [22] Harrisons principles of internal medicine [M]. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical, 2008. [23] Zhuo X L, Wang Y, Zhuo W L, et al. Possible association of Helicobacter pylori infection with laryngeal cancer risk: an evidence-based meta-analysis[J]. Archives of medical research, 2008, 39(6): 625-628. [24] Ozyurt M, Gungor A, Ergunay K, et al. Real-time PCR detection of Helicobacter pylori and virulence-associated cagA in nasal polyps and laryngeal disorders[J]. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2009, 141(1): 131-135.

Boudica :: essays research papers

Twenty years after the invasion, Britain was feeling oppressed by the Roman Empire, none more so than the Iceni tribe. Their late king, Prasutagus, had left the Icenian land to the Romans in his will, but on certain conditions. Upon his death, the Romans took over without abiding by any of these conditions, treating the land as if it was theirs by right of conquest. There was looting and tyranny, the king’s family was abused and the Romans savagely ruled over the Iceni. Another factor in aggravating the Britons was that the occupiers began to recall large loans which had been forced upon unwilling Britons. Some Britons were conscripted into the army, the Roman procurators wanted to extract as much wealth as could be had from the latest addition to the empire. Boudica, having been treated and indeed flogged as a slave, decided to rebel. She joined forces with the Trinovantes, who had their own reasons to hate the Romans. Some of their land had been taken from them to form part of Camulodunum (now Colchester). One of buildings in it was the Temple Of Claudius, it was hated by the oppressed masses and became the first target of Boudica’s attack. The colonists appealed for help and troops were sent from Londinium, but these amounted to just 200 and were ill equipped for the task. The veterans and the troops took cover in the Temple but were soundly beaten after two days, the temple was destroyed and the town sacked. Petillius Cerialis, camped with Legio IX eight miles away at Longthorpe heard of the revolt and set off for the town, but he was ambushed and at length defeated. Boudica heartened by this success now marched on Londinium. Suetonius Paullinus was at an island in north Wales when he heard of the rebellion. He made haste for Londinium with Legio XIV, but his journey was slow and when at length he arrived in Londinium he realised that he did not have enough troops to defend it, and so the largest town in Britain was abandoned. Verulamium too could not be held and so the army retreated. When Boudica’s army reached London they thought of nothing but loot and so did not make for the militarily strategic points but instead to wherever they could plunder the most money, this proved their downfall. While the Britons looted, Paullinus gathered his men which amounted to some ten thousand and chose a place of battle most advantageous to him.